References

Dechter, G. 2007. Goucher aims to thin deer with bowmen. The Baltimore Sun. https://www.baltimoresun.com/2007/12/07/goucher-aims-to-thin-deer-with-bowmen/

Macaulay, L. 2026. The 4 Pillars of Managing Deer Damage. EB-2024-0740. University of Maryland Extension. https://go.umd.edu/EB-2024-0740

Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2026. Baltimore City Explores Deer Management Options to Protect Urban Forests.https://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2026/01/28/baltimore-city-explores-deer-management-options-to-protect-urban-forest/

Navarra, Katie, and Jana Wiegand. November 14, 2019. 10-Year Study Provides Model for Deer Management Strategies. Cornell Chronicle. https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2019/11/10-year-study-provides-model-deer-management-strategies

New England Chapter of The Wildlife Society and Northeast Deer Technical Committee. 2008. An Evaluation of Deer Management Options. https://dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/pages/hunt_trap/deer_evaluation_deermgtoptions.aspx

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Deer Management Assistance Program. https://dec.ny.gov/nature/animals-fish-plants/white-tailed-deer/deer-management-conflict-avoidance/management-assistance-program

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. White-tailed Deer Management and Conflict Avoidance. https://dec.ny.gov/nature/animals-fish-plants/white-tailed-deer/deer-management-conflict-avoidance

The Preserve at Vassar. 2026. Deer Management. https://www.vassar.edu/preserve/management/deer-management

Raccagno, R. 2025. Campus deer have lost their animalistic instincts. The Signal. https://www.tcnjsignalnews.com/article/2025/03/campus-deer-have-lost-their-animalistic-instincts

The Reagents of the University of Michigan. 2026. Deer Management 2022. https://umdearborn.edu/external-relations/communications/key-issues/deer-management-2022

Rochlin, I., J. Kenney, E. Little, and G. Molaei. 2025. Public health significance of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its role in the eco-epidemiology of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases in North America. Parasit Vectors 18: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06674-6

Rooney, T. P., and D. M. Waller. 2003. Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 181:165-176.